Bestowed by Budget Traveler magazine in 2006
My dad grew up in one of the “Coolest Small Towns in the USA”: Fayetteville, West Virginia. When Budget Traveler magazine named Fayetteville one of the top ten small towns in the country, it credited not just the town’s young atmosphere and unique shops, but also the local geology, which is nothing short of spectacular.
Fayetteville sits on the precipice of the New River Gorge, a 500-meter-deep trench carved by the raging New River through the Appalachian Mountains of southern West Virginia. Not only is Fayetteville cool and its gorge spectacular, but with the East Coast’s best rock climbing and world-class whitewater rafting, the New River Gorge might also be the most thrilling geology field trip on earth.
A Gorgeous Gorge
The New River’s name is misleading, since it is thought to be one of the oldest rivers in the world, perhaps second only to the Nile. The New River began as an ancient river system known as the Teays, which was created 350 million years ago when Europe, Africa and North America collided to form the supercontinent Pangaea. The impact uplifted the Appalachian Mountains to Himalayan heights and the Teays formed to drain the range’s western slopes.
From its headwaters in what is now North Carolina, the Teays journeyed north through the Virginias to Ohio, then turned west to drain into a vast inland sea that is now the site of the Mississippi River basin. About 60 million years ago, West Virginia went through another period of gradual uplift. The swift-running Teays River cut into the mountain faster than the rate of uplift, thus maintaining its ancient course and creating the deep gorge seen today.
Drew & the New
As it rushes through the gorge, the New River cuts through 350 million years of geologic history, exposing layer upon layer of sandstone, shale and carboniferous coal. Coal, formed from dead plants deposited 200 million years ago, has played a big role in the more recent history of the New River Gorge.
New River Coal Seam
Because the river had already done most of the work to expose the coal seams, this area was one of the first places to be mined in West Virginia. The completion of a riverside railroad in 1873 opened the New River Valley to dozens of mining companies and thousands of workers. From 1900 to 1962, miners hacked more than 16 million tons of coal from the walls of the gorge.
Sealed Coal Mine Entrance & Original Safety Board at Kaymoor
Coal isn’t the only famous rock in the gorge; its red sandstone cliffs are world-renowned among rock climbers. These sixty-meter high cliffs boast a climbing repertoire unmatched almost anywhere on earth. Thousands of climbing routes snake up the vertical rock faces and on any given day you can see some of the sport’s best rock stars tackling some of the world’s most challenging climbs. The best place to watch for climbers is from Diamond Point along the Endless Wall Trail, which is also possibly the best panoramic view of the gorge and a prime picnic spot.
Find the Climber
The New River’s Nuttall Sandstone cliffs are 98 percent quartz, perfect for finger-tip grips, and even better for forming a deep V-shaped gorge: The erosion-resistant rock is what makes the walls of the New River Gorge so steep. The gorge squeezes a lot of water down a narrow chute, making for extreme whitewater rapids that are not for the faint of heart. Much of the course consists of difficult class IV and V rapids, although there are sections and tributaries for rafters of all skill levels.
Rafts Negotiating the New
Aside from the endless cliffs and rushing whitewater, the New River Gorge boasts another awe-inspiring feature: the New River Gorge Bridge. Travel from one side of the gorge to the other was once a harrowing 45 minute trip on a treacherous one-lane road, but the construction of the bridge in 1977 shortened the driving time to less than a minute. Towering a dizzying 292 meters above the river, the New River Gorge Bridge is the second highest bridge in the U.S. — and with a span of 566 meters, it is also the second longest steel arch span in the world.
The Bridge & the New
With those credentials the bridge attracts another breed of daredevil to Fayetteville: BASE jumpers. The BASE jumpers (an acronym for the four platforms from which they leap: Building, Antennae, Span and Earth) dive off a gangplank erected at the center of the span and deploy their parachutes in time to splash down in the river almost 300 meters below.
Every October on “Bridge Day” the bridge is closed to traffic and opened to hundreds of parachutists and thousands of revelers. If you already have 100 jumps under your belt, you can register to leap, otherwise, peruse the 200 booths selling food and arts and crafts, and enjoy the daredevil entertainment and breathtaking fall foliage from the bridge.
The New River Gorge Bridge
I have yet to make it to Bridge Day, but I’ve had October 20th marked on my 2012 calendar for months. This past weekend in West Virginia, my cousins and I all made plans to rendezvous at the New for Bridge Day! Stay tuned…
Sections of this post were sourced from my 2008 Travels in Geology column on Thrills and Spills in West Virginia’s New River Gorge for EARTH magazine. Also check out my New River climbing festival story for Climbing magazine: A Waste-Free New River Rendezvous? No Problem.
I have never thought of West Virginia as being a destination for my travels, so thank you for showing and explaining to me why it should be — at least the Fayetteville area! Hope you don’t mind I pinned one of the pics on my “bucket list” Board on Pinterest. (And I found the climber!) ~ Kat
West Virginia is wild and wonderful! Places like Seneca Rocks, Dolly Sods and the Monongahela should be on your list/ pinterest board too! 🙂
Worth remembering the Hanks Nest Tunnel as one of the most notorious construction projects in United States history. Beginning in 1927, the tunnel was cut into the sandstone wall of New River by dry-drilling and blasting through 16,000 feet of 95% pure silica rock. The result was the death of thousands of workers from the lung disease silicosis. Many of the workers were poor white & blacks from the South – brought in by train, housed in shacks, killed by the scores by rock falls and silicosis, discarded into unmarked graves, only to be replaced by another train-load in ignorant workers.
The tunnel was built by Union Carbide to provide power for metal smelting at a plant called Alloy. The tragedies associated with this tunnel were first exposed in a book of fiction that was systematically bought and destroyed by Union Carbide. A search of today on Google provides many older and recent sources of information about the tunnel. In the years after the tunnel was finished many law-suits were filed by families of ill and dead workers – a single black man was paid $400 for being disabled by silicosis, a married white-man was paid $1000. If at the time of the settlement the victim had died his family was paid an extra $400. The tunnel is still in use today.
Thanks, Dad. If you ever let me borrow that book, I’ll write a post on that too. M http://www.amazon.com/Hawks-Nest-Tunnel-Patricia-Spangler/dp/098018620X/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1349274928&sr=8-1&keywords=hawk%27s+nest+tunnel
third highest bridge
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_bridges_in_the_United_States_by_height
now that the bridge at lake mead by pass is complete…I have not been over that one yet as it was still under construction when we were there in 2005
The region and the town look inviting. I am making a list…
The New is where I fell in love with whitewater paddling. After a rafting trip there, decided that I wanted to learn to kayak. My goal was to get good enough to go back and ‘yak the New. Unfortunately, I moved further away before my skills were good enough to attempt it. My updated goal is to get there and paddle it before my skills leave me….
Very cool, Dan. I readily admit I am a water wuss! I’ve never rafted the New. I much prefer to dangle from those cliffs! 🙂
I had no idea that West Virginia was so wild and wonderful.. Especially love you photo of the gorge.
Another great post, pictures comlemented the words. Ilove the idea of Bridge Day, and wish everyone there the best of fun. Is money collected for charities on the day, or something else?
Or nothing?
Just curious.
Walking out onto the bridge, you are afforded a spectacular view of the river and the new bridge.
Lovely pictures.
Growing up in West Virginia, I’ve always known of its beauty. But I learned more from this post than I did in any WV Studies course that I took! Thank you!